Zarzma Monastery
Zarzma Monastery
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Сорокин Евгений
Veliky Novgorod, Russland5 677 bidrag
sep. 2022 • Venner
The Zarzma Monastery is officially named in honor of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The founder and first abbot of the monastery is considered to be the Monk Serapion Zarzmeli, who was canonized as a saint. The monastery was founded in the 9th century.
A stone slab with an inscription has been preserved, which dates back to 979-1001. This slab is now placed in the wall (arch) of the narthex or chapel attached to the bell tower from the north, but this narthex was built later and the slab was originally located in the wall of some church that has not reached us.
The current main church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the bell tower were built at the beginning of the 14th century.
In addition to the main temple and the two-tier bell tower located to the southeast of it, a small single-nave church with a crypt (a few meters northwest of the cathedral), a church or chapel attached to the main temple from the east behind the southern sacristy (pastophorium), and the ruins of two small churches south of the main temple. A vestibule-chapel has also been preserved, attached to the bell tower from the north, which is considered the oldest structure (its construction dates back to the 11th-12th centuries) and in the wall of which there is a slab with an inscription dating back to the years 979-1001.
When we visited Zarzma, restoration was underway and there was scaffolding inside the church, covering most of the frescoes. There were also forests around the church.
It is believed that the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Zarzma is a classic cross-domed or central-domed church for Georgian architecture of the 11th-14th centuries. The temple is well preserved.
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is richly decorated. There is decor in the form of stone carvings around the doors and windows. The eastern façade is decorated with a huge carved relief cross, resting on a rectangular window frame and without the traditional triangular niches.
On the south side, along the entire length of the facade, the church is adjacent to a gallery-narthex covered with a cylindrical vault, opening outward with a triple arch. The gallery contains the southern entrance to the temple.
There are two passages leading inside the temple - in the western and eastern walls.
The altar partition is made of green stone. It looks beautiful.
You can go into the deacon (room to the right of the altar apse) of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. There, in a glass sarcophagus, there are well-preserved incorruptible human remains. I'm not sure exactly, but maybe that's their story. In 1940, during the construction of the railway, while dismantling the rock walls of a destroyed church near the village of Tsnisi, 8 kilometers from Akhaltsikhe, a cave was discovered where the mummified body of a man who died in ancient times was located. During research, it was found that the body found belonged to a man about 172 cm tall, who died at the age of 40-45 years. His right lower limb is atrophied throughout its entire length compared to his left. The age of the clothing was dated to 990 ± 90 years. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the found remains belong to a clergyman who lived in the 10th century. Probably, after the collapse of the Soviet system, the mummified remains of this clergyman were transferred to the monastery.
In the western part of the church there are choirs in the corners adjacent to the western wall. The choirs are not connected to each other, that is, there are two of them. More precisely, in the descriptions of the church contained in the literature, it is somehow written that it seems to be a choir, but it seems to be not. It looks like it is some kind of decorative element for the choir, but it does not fulfill the functional purpose of the choir. As I understand it, the choirs do not have a horizontal ceiling, that is, a floor. There are walls that limit them. There are arched openings in the walls, that is, the choirs open into the temple with arches.
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was completely painted with frescoes almost immediately after its construction in the 14th century. Then, in the second half of the 16th century, the frescoes were replaced in some places by new ones. This temple represents a rare case of ancient paintings, when almost all the images are quite well preserved.
The paintings, which are multi-figured, multi-faceted compositions, images of large human figures about two meters high, were executed with great skill. Conventionally, the paintings can be divided into two parts. One part consists of scenes based on biblical stories. These paintings occupy the upper part of the temple. The second part consists of images of Georgian real historical figures, customers and patrons of the monastery. These paintings are located in the lower part.
The Zarzma bell tower is one of the oldest and largest in Georgia. It was built around the same time as the main church of the monastery (presumably they were built by the same craftsmen), but later it was significantly rebuilt.
Initially, in the 12th century, the bell tower was included in the fortress wall. The first tier of the bell tower is a cube. In the second tier, an octahedron with semicircular arched spans was erected on a low cylindrical base. The bell tower is crowned with a hipped dome. The first floor or tier of the bell tower was a passage arched gate and it was open on the east and west sides. In 1577, the first floor of the bell tower was converted into a hall church. From the west, the laid passage arch is clearly visible.
A vestibule or chapel is attached to the bell tower from the north. It is usually indicated that this is the oldest building of the monastery, which dates back to the 11th-12th centuries. Now it seems that this building is called the chapel or the limit of St. Nicholas.
On the south side of the main temple are the ruins of two small churches or chapels.
Near the northwestern corner of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary there is a small hall church of St. Nino with a gable roof. Below this church on the west side there is an entrance to the crypt. It is closed with a lattice, through which one can see that inside there are human bones and skulls in inventory order. This room is sometimes called the “ossuary”. It sounds creepy. But the correct name is probably ossuary, that is, a place for storing skeletal remains. The remains of monks and other people who were buried once in ancient times in the cemetery near the monastery, whose graves were lost, and whose burials were found during repair and restoration work, are most likely placed here.
Another chapel or porch is attached to the main monastery church on the eastern side behind the southern sacristy.
At the end of the 16th century or at the beginning of the 17th century, due to the capture of Samtskhe-Saatabago by the Ottoman Empire, the Zarzma monastery was abandoned and abandoned. Church and monastic movable property of Zarzma - icons, crosses, other church utensils, including the main shrine of Zarzma, the icon of the Transfiguration of the Lord, was transported (evacuated) to Guria. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Zarzma monastery was inactive, empty and gradually destroyed. The frescoes were so dirty that much could not be distinguished.
At the end of the 19th century, the brother of Emperor Nicholas II Georgy Alexandrovich (1871-1999), who was treated in Abastumani, became interested in the Zarzma monastery. On his initiative, restoration work was carried out and in 1905 the temple became operational.
During Soviet times, the church was closed. After 1921, a tourist base was located in Zarzma, and in 1938 a museum was opened.
In 1989, the church was consecrated and became operational again. In 1999, a monastery was founded.
On the western side of the main church of the monastery there is an observation deck with a beautiful view of the surrounding area.
In the monastery courtyard there is a stone pool in the shape of a cross, filled with water. There is also a water source here. So in this pool a turtle was sunbathing, swimming in it on a wooden plank. It was clear that the turtle was relaxing in the sun, stretching out its hind legs (judging by them, it was a waterfowl). However, despite the relaxation, the turtle did not lose control over its surroundings. When I started photographing her a little closer, she pulled her head somewhat under her shell, although her hind legs remained extended. During the entire time we were in Zarzma, the turtle never interrupted its activity, continuing to swim blissfully on the board.
A stone slab with an inscription has been preserved, which dates back to 979-1001. This slab is now placed in the wall (arch) of the narthex or chapel attached to the bell tower from the north, but this narthex was built later and the slab was originally located in the wall of some church that has not reached us.
The current main church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the bell tower were built at the beginning of the 14th century.
In addition to the main temple and the two-tier bell tower located to the southeast of it, a small single-nave church with a crypt (a few meters northwest of the cathedral), a church or chapel attached to the main temple from the east behind the southern sacristy (pastophorium), and the ruins of two small churches south of the main temple. A vestibule-chapel has also been preserved, attached to the bell tower from the north, which is considered the oldest structure (its construction dates back to the 11th-12th centuries) and in the wall of which there is a slab with an inscription dating back to the years 979-1001.
When we visited Zarzma, restoration was underway and there was scaffolding inside the church, covering most of the frescoes. There were also forests around the church.
It is believed that the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Zarzma is a classic cross-domed or central-domed church for Georgian architecture of the 11th-14th centuries. The temple is well preserved.
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is richly decorated. There is decor in the form of stone carvings around the doors and windows. The eastern façade is decorated with a huge carved relief cross, resting on a rectangular window frame and without the traditional triangular niches.
On the south side, along the entire length of the facade, the church is adjacent to a gallery-narthex covered with a cylindrical vault, opening outward with a triple arch. The gallery contains the southern entrance to the temple.
There are two passages leading inside the temple - in the western and eastern walls.
The altar partition is made of green stone. It looks beautiful.
You can go into the deacon (room to the right of the altar apse) of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. There, in a glass sarcophagus, there are well-preserved incorruptible human remains. I'm not sure exactly, but maybe that's their story. In 1940, during the construction of the railway, while dismantling the rock walls of a destroyed church near the village of Tsnisi, 8 kilometers from Akhaltsikhe, a cave was discovered where the mummified body of a man who died in ancient times was located. During research, it was found that the body found belonged to a man about 172 cm tall, who died at the age of 40-45 years. His right lower limb is atrophied throughout its entire length compared to his left. The age of the clothing was dated to 990 ± 90 years. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the found remains belong to a clergyman who lived in the 10th century. Probably, after the collapse of the Soviet system, the mummified remains of this clergyman were transferred to the monastery.
In the western part of the church there are choirs in the corners adjacent to the western wall. The choirs are not connected to each other, that is, there are two of them. More precisely, in the descriptions of the church contained in the literature, it is somehow written that it seems to be a choir, but it seems to be not. It looks like it is some kind of decorative element for the choir, but it does not fulfill the functional purpose of the choir. As I understand it, the choirs do not have a horizontal ceiling, that is, a floor. There are walls that limit them. There are arched openings in the walls, that is, the choirs open into the temple with arches.
The Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was completely painted with frescoes almost immediately after its construction in the 14th century. Then, in the second half of the 16th century, the frescoes were replaced in some places by new ones. This temple represents a rare case of ancient paintings, when almost all the images are quite well preserved.
The paintings, which are multi-figured, multi-faceted compositions, images of large human figures about two meters high, were executed with great skill. Conventionally, the paintings can be divided into two parts. One part consists of scenes based on biblical stories. These paintings occupy the upper part of the temple. The second part consists of images of Georgian real historical figures, customers and patrons of the monastery. These paintings are located in the lower part.
The Zarzma bell tower is one of the oldest and largest in Georgia. It was built around the same time as the main church of the monastery (presumably they were built by the same craftsmen), but later it was significantly rebuilt.
Initially, in the 12th century, the bell tower was included in the fortress wall. The first tier of the bell tower is a cube. In the second tier, an octahedron with semicircular arched spans was erected on a low cylindrical base. The bell tower is crowned with a hipped dome. The first floor or tier of the bell tower was a passage arched gate and it was open on the east and west sides. In 1577, the first floor of the bell tower was converted into a hall church. From the west, the laid passage arch is clearly visible.
A vestibule or chapel is attached to the bell tower from the north. It is usually indicated that this is the oldest building of the monastery, which dates back to the 11th-12th centuries. Now it seems that this building is called the chapel or the limit of St. Nicholas.
On the south side of the main temple are the ruins of two small churches or chapels.
Near the northwestern corner of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary there is a small hall church of St. Nino with a gable roof. Below this church on the west side there is an entrance to the crypt. It is closed with a lattice, through which one can see that inside there are human bones and skulls in inventory order. This room is sometimes called the “ossuary”. It sounds creepy. But the correct name is probably ossuary, that is, a place for storing skeletal remains. The remains of monks and other people who were buried once in ancient times in the cemetery near the monastery, whose graves were lost, and whose burials were found during repair and restoration work, are most likely placed here.
Another chapel or porch is attached to the main monastery church on the eastern side behind the southern sacristy.
At the end of the 16th century or at the beginning of the 17th century, due to the capture of Samtskhe-Saatabago by the Ottoman Empire, the Zarzma monastery was abandoned and abandoned. Church and monastic movable property of Zarzma - icons, crosses, other church utensils, including the main shrine of Zarzma, the icon of the Transfiguration of the Lord, was transported (evacuated) to Guria. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Zarzma monastery was inactive, empty and gradually destroyed. The frescoes were so dirty that much could not be distinguished.
At the end of the 19th century, the brother of Emperor Nicholas II Georgy Alexandrovich (1871-1999), who was treated in Abastumani, became interested in the Zarzma monastery. On his initiative, restoration work was carried out and in 1905 the temple became operational.
During Soviet times, the church was closed. After 1921, a tourist base was located in Zarzma, and in 1938 a museum was opened.
In 1989, the church was consecrated and became operational again. In 1999, a monastery was founded.
On the western side of the main church of the monastery there is an observation deck with a beautiful view of the surrounding area.
In the monastery courtyard there is a stone pool in the shape of a cross, filled with water. There is also a water source here. So in this pool a turtle was sunbathing, swimming in it on a wooden plank. It was clear that the turtle was relaxing in the sun, stretching out its hind legs (judging by them, it was a waterfowl). However, despite the relaxation, the turtle did not lose control over its surroundings. When I started photographing her a little closer, she pulled her head somewhat under her shell, although her hind legs remained extended. During the entire time we were in Zarzma, the turtle never interrupted its activity, continuing to swim blissfully on the board.
Skrevet 30. august 2023
Denne anmeldelsen er den subjektive meningen til et Tripadvisor-medlem og kommer ikke fra Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor sjekker anmeldelser.
Christian
Eggenthal, Tyskland80 bidrag
apr. 2019 • Par
Wer über Batumi, die Reise in den Süden über den schlecht passierbaren Pass auf sich nimmt, sollte den Abstecher machen. Die Kirche an sich, die Fresken und erhaltenen Malereien. Der Klostergarten mit dem Ausblick in den kleinen Kaukasus. Entlohnt die holprige Anfahrt.
Skrevet 25. april 2019
Denne anmeldelsen er den subjektive meningen til et Tripadvisor-medlem og kommer ikke fra Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor sjekker anmeldelser.
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