This vast region was known as Tingo María in colonial times, and was the object of unsuccessful Hispanic explorations in search of El Dorado and Paititi, led by conquistadors eager to find new riches and the legendary hidden gold of the Incas. Despite the scarce sources for this period, the author has been able to reconstruct the history of this region from its ancient pre-Incan nations, originally inhabited by Chuscos, Panatahuas, Tingaleses, Payansos, Carapachos, Chaienas, Tulumayos, among other indigenous peoples. Likewise, in the following chapters, the research allows us to appreciate how these were made invisible by the Spanish, since none of the territorial constituency units created during the colony were baptized with the names of the original peoples. This historical omission proves that the territorial demarcation policy reflected the interests and prejudices of the colonizers, a situation that continued until the Republic.